Proceedings of Avocado Brainstorming '99
October 27 - 28, 1999
University of California, Riverside
Mary Lu Arpaia and Reuben Hofshi
Editors
Co-sponsored by
Production Research Committee
California Avocado Commission
and
College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences
University of California, Riverside
Table of Contents
Introduction and statement of purpose
Avocado Brainstorming '99 - Introductory comments
Phil Roberts
Reflections on Brainstorming '99
Reuben Hofshi
Panel 1. Plant Breeding and Genetics
Plant breeding and genetics panel summary
Chih-Cheng (Thomas) Chao
Why do we need continued efforts in avocado scion and rootstock improvement
Mary Lu Arpaia
The importance of the conservation and evaluation of avocado genetic resources
Alejandro F. Barrientos-Priego
Genetic diversity in avocado
Robert J. Knight, Jr.
Somatic hybridization of avocado
Richard E. Litz
Panel 2. Plant Nutrition
Plant nutrition panel summary
Carol J. Lovatt
Nutrient balance and nutrient availability as management tools to achieve large fruit size and heavy cropping in mature 'Hass' orchards
Jonathan Cutting
Soil nitrogen fertilization of 'Hass' avocado in California: Time of application affects yield
Carol J. Lovatt
Nutrition practices in Australia and how the AVOMAN software addresses the issues
Simon Newett
Aspects of avocado nutrition with emphasis on boron and organic mulching
B. Nigel Wolstenholme
Panel 3. Canopy Management
Canopy management panel summary
Piet J. C. Stassen
Some economic reasons to consider canopy management
Reuben Hofshi
Issues and strategies for canopy management of avocado orchards in the Jordan Valley of Israel
Cliff Lahav
'Hass' avocado leaf growth, abscission, carbon production and fruit set
Xuan Liu, Reuben Hofshi, and Mary Lu Arpaia
Current status of canopy management in Australia
Simon Newett
Planning and managing more intensive avocado orchards
Piet J. C. Stassen
Revitalizing avocado jungles
Piet J. C. Stassen
High-density planting systems - the debate continues?
Grant Thorp
Integrated management of avocados
Jan Toerien
Some ecophysiological aspects of canopy management
B. Nigel Wolstenholme
Panel 4. Salinity Management
Salinity panel summary
James D. Oster
Rootstock selections for improved salinity tolerance of avocado
David Crowley, Woody Smith, and Mary Lu Arpaia
Irrigation frequency affects soil salinity of drip irrigated avocado
Avraham Meiri, U. Yanai, N. Bernstein, R. Strul, and M. Zilberstaine
Salinity and water management in avocado
Joseph Shalhevet
Controlled irrigation amounts with feedback
Benjamin Zur
Panel 5. Pollination
A view from Florida on avocado pollination
Thomas L. Davenport
Considerations in managing pollination of the avocado
Anne Elizabeth Fetscher
Pollination, pollinators and pollinizers
Reuben Hofshi
Background information and ideas on avocado pollination
Gad Ish-Am
Panel 6. Insect Pest Management
Development of biological control agents for avocado thrips
Jim Davis
Evaluation of insecticides and acaricides for control of avocado pests
Jorge E. Peņa
The impact of new pests on New Zealand avocado production
Philippa Stevens
Overview of avocado pest control in Israel
Manes Wysoki
Influence of Spinosad on natural enemies of avocado and other pests
Manes Wysoki, S. Rene, Miriam Eliahu, and D. Blumberg
Panel 7. Disease Management
Virus and viroid diseases of avocado
J. Allan Dodds
Foliar and fruit diseases of avocado in California
Peggy A. Mauk, Ben Faber, and John A. Menge
Control of Phytophthora cinnamomi root rot of avocado
John A. Menge, Peggy Mauk, and George Zentmyer
Review of avocado root rot in Israel and strategies to manage the disease
Miriam Zilberstaine
Panel 8. Postharvest Handling and Quality Control
Expectations of the European market regarding the quality of avocados and how to meet these expectations
Gawie J. Eksteen
Cultural effects on fruit quality
Kerri R. Everett
Fungi isolated from avocados with stemend rot after "snap" or "clip" harvest
Dennis A. Margosan, Joseph L. Smilanick, Mary Lu Arpaia, and James R. Sievert
The role of ethylene in browning of avocado pulp during cold storage
Edna Pesis, Miriam Ackerman, Rosa Ben-Arie, Oleg Feygenberg, and Dov Prusky
Postharvest research funding
Jan Toerien
Fruit ripening
Anne White and Allan Woolf
Summary of New Zealand and Californian experience with "snap" picking
Allan Woolf, Anne White, James R. Sievert, and Mary Lu Arpaia